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A1.2Lesson 8 of 2012 min

The Spanish present tense for regular verbs

After this lesson you can take almost any Spanish verb from the dictionary and put it into all six present-tense forms.

Quick answer

Trabajo en Madrid. ¿Dónde vives? Comemos a las dos.

I work in Madrid. Where do you live? We eat at two. Cut off the last two letters and add an ending — that is the whole system.

The words of this lesson

hablarto speak
trabajarto work
comerto eat
beberto drink
vivirto live
escribirto write
siemprealways
a vecessometimes

Three families, one move

Every Spanish verb in the dictionary ends in -ar, -er or -ir. To use it, you cut those two letters off and glue on an ending that says who is doing it. Take hablar: the stem is habl-, and the endings are -o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an. So hablo, hablas, habla, hablamos, habláis, hablan.

-er verbs swap the a for an e: como, comes, come, comemos, coméis, comen. -ir verbs are identical to -er except in the we and you-all forms: vivo, vives, vive, vivimos, vivís, viven. Learn -er properly and you get -ir nearly free.

Telling someone about your week

Now the pattern does real work. Trabajo en una oficina, vivo con dos amigos, como en casa a las dos, los sábados corro en el parque. Add siempre, a veces or nunca and you have a routine.

The Spanish present also covers the English "-ing" of the moment: ¿qué haces? means both "what do you do?" and "what are you doing?". There is a separate form for the second, but you do not need it yet — beginners reach for it far too early and it makes speech slower, not better.

Leave the pronoun out

Because the ending already names the person, Spanish drops yo, tú, él in normal speech: you say vivo en Sevilla, not yo vivo en Sevilla. Use the pronoun only to contrast — yo trabajo, ella estudia — or after ¿y tú?

There is also no helper verb. English needs "do" and "am" to build questions and negatives; Spanish just adds question marks or no: ¿trabajas hoy?, no trabajo hoy.

Hablo un poco de español.I speak a little Spanish.
¿Dónde vives?Where do you live?
Comemos en casa los domingos.We eat at home on Sundays.
Mis padres no beben café.My parents do not drink coffee.

Where you are matters

Spain uses the <span class="es-inline">-áis / -éis / -ís</span> forms (habláis, coméis, vivís) for a group; Latin America uses the they-form instead (hablan, comen, viven). Argentina says <span class="es-inline">hablás, comés, vivís</span> for a single "you".

Memory trick

Cut off -ar, -er or -ir, then add the ending — and remember that -ir only differs from -er in "we" and "you all".

A short dialogue

— ¿Trabajas o estudias?— Do you work or do you study?
— Trabajo en una oficina y estudio español por la noche.— I work in an office and I study Spanish in the evening.
— ¿Y dónde vives?— And where do you live?
— Vivo en el centro con dos amigos. A veces comemos juntos.— I live in the centre with two friends. Sometimes we eat together.

Typical mistakes

Yo soy trabajando en Madrid.

Trabajo en Madrid.

The simple present already covers the English "-ing", and ser is never used to build it.

¿Haces tú vives aquí?

¿Vives aquí?

Spanish has no helper verb "do". The question is the plain present with question marks.

Nosotros vivemos en Sevilla.

Nosotros vivimos en Sevilla.

The we-form of an -ir verb keeps the i: vivimos, not vivemos, which would be the -er pattern.

Practice

Practise these the present tense

0/8 matched — tap a Spanish word, then its translation

Check yourself

What is the "we" form of vivir?

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