Home/Grammar/The preterite
A2Grammar

The preterite — the finished past

The tense for telling what happened. Two sets of endings cover every regular verb.

Quick answer

hablé · comí · viví

For actions that happened and finished. Yesterday, last year, three times — anything with a closed edge.

The endings

Personhablarcomer / vivir
yohablécomí
hablastecomiste
él/ellahablócomió
nosotroshablamoscomimos
vosotroshablasteiscomisteis
elloshablaroncomieron

-er and -ir verbs share one set of endings here, which halves the work.

When you use it

Ayer comí en casa.Yesterday I ate at home.
Viví tres años en Madrid.I lived in Madrid for three years. — and no longer do.
La semana pasada fuimos al cine.Last week we went to the cinema.

The words that call for it

ayer, anoche, la semana pasada, el año pasado, hace dos años, de repente.

Memory trick

If you can put a full stop after the action in your head — it started, it ended — it is the preterite.

Typical mistakes

Ayer he comido en casa.

Ayer comí en casa.

With ayer, Spain uses the preterite; the perfect is for today.

Hablé con ella cada día.

Hablaba con ella cada día.

A repeated habit takes the imperfect.

Check yourself

Anoche ___ una película.

Still building your foundation?

The Spanish Beginner Guide has all of this in one PDF — grammar, 1,000 words, exercises and printable cheat sheets.

Instant download · no subscription

Get the guide — $19