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The imperfect — the open past

The tense of background, habit and description — and the easiest one Spanish has.

Quick answer

hablaba · comía · vivía

For what used to happen, what was going on, and what things were like. Only three irregular verbs in the whole language.

The endings

Personhablarcomer / vivir
yohablabacomía
hablabascomías
él/ellahablabacomía
nosotroshablábamoscomíamos
vosotroshablabaiscomíais
elloshablabancomían

Only ser (era), ir (iba) and ver (veía) are irregular. That is the entire list.

When you use it

Cuando era niño, vivía en Sevilla.When I was a child I lived in Seville.
Llovía y hacía frío.It was raining and it was cold. — the scene.
Todos los días iba al mismo bar.Every day he went to the same bar.

The two together

Background in the imperfect, the event that interrupts it in the preterite.

Dormía cuando sonó el teléfono.I was sleeping when the phone rang.

Memory trick

Imperfect is the film running; preterite is the photo taken.

Typical mistakes

Ayer llovía todo el día.

Ayer llovió todo el día.

A closed period with a clear end takes the preterite.

Cuando fui niño…

Cuando era niño…

A state that lasted years is imperfect.

Check yourself

Cuando ___ pequeño, jugaba al fútbol.

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