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The present tense

Learn these endings once and you can build sentences about anything happening now — and, in Spanish, about a good deal of the future too.

Quick answer

hablo · como · vivo

Drop the -ar, -er or -ir from the infinitive and add the ending for the person. Three sets of endings cover almost every verb in the language.

The three patterns

Personhablarcomervivir
yohablocomovivo
hablascomesvives
él / ella / ustedhablacomevive
nosotroshablamoscomemosvivimos
vosotroshabláiscoméisvivís
ellos / ustedeshablancomenviven

-er and -ir differ in only two places: nosotros and vosotros. Everywhere else they are identical.

Spanish drops the pronoun

The ending already says who is doing it, so the pronoun is usually left out. Hablo español — not yo hablo español. You add the yo back only for emphasis or contrast.

Yo hablo español, ella habla italiano.I speak Spanish, she speaks Italian.

Three jobs English gives to other tenses

Hablo español.I speak Spanish. — a fact
Hablo con mi madre ahora.I am speaking to my mother right now.
Mañana hablo con el jefe.Tomorrow I am talking to the boss. — near future

This is why “I am eating” needs no special construction. Spanish has one (estoy comiendo), but it stresses that something is in progress at this very second and is used far less than the English -ing form.

Memory trick

The yo form always ends in -o. Every regular verb, all three groups, no exceptions. If you only remember one thing, remember that.

Typical mistakes

Yo estoy hablar español.

Hablo español.

Two English habits at once: the “am” and the pronoun. Spanish needs neither.

¿Tú hablas inglés? — Sí, yo hablo.

¿Hablas inglés? — Sí.

Grammatically fine, but nobody talks like this. The pronouns make it heavy.

Check yourself

Nosotros ___ en Madrid. (vivir)

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