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estar + gerundio

The form is easy. The hard part is resisting it: English speakers reach for it constantly where Spanish wants the simple present.

Quick answer

estoy trabajando

For an action happening right now. Spanish uses it much less than English, because the plain present already covers "I am doing".

How to build it

estar in the right person, plus the gerundio: -ando for -ar verbs, -iendo for -er and -ir verbs.

VerbGerundio
hablarhablando
comercomiendo
vivirviviendo
leerleyendo
dormirdurmiendo
pedirpidiendo
iryendo

The gerundio never changes for person or gender. Only estar moves.

Estoy leyendo el periódico.I am reading the paper.
¿Qué estás haciendo?What are you doing?

Only for right now

Spanish reserves it for an action in progress at this moment. Plans, habits and the near future all take the simple present.

Mañana voy a Sevilla.Tomorrow I am going to Seville. — a plan, so simple present.
Trabajo en un banco.I work in a bank. / I am working in a bank.
Ahora mismo estoy cenando.Right now I am having dinner.

Note that estar siendo and the progressive of ir and venir are avoided almost entirely.

Where the pronoun goes

Either before estar or attached to the gerundio. Attaching adds a written accent.

Me estoy duchando.I am having a shower.
Estoy duchándome.I am having a shower. — same meaning.
Lo estoy leyendo.I am reading it.

Memory trick

Ask whether the action is physically under way as you speak. If it is about later today or about life in general, use the plain present.

Typical mistakes

Estoy yendo a Madrid mañana.

Voy a Madrid mañana.

A future plan takes the simple present. The progressive would mean you are on the road right now.

Estoy comer.

Estoy comiendo.

Estar needs the gerundio, never the infinitive.

Estoy durmiendo mucho estos días.

Duermo mucho estos días.

A repeated habit over several days is not an action in progress, so the plain present fits.

Check yourself

No puedo hablar, ___ conduciendo.

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