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Impersonal se

Signs, recipes and rules almost always use this construction, and the verb agrees with the thing, not with an invisible person.

Quick answer

se habla español · se venden pisos

A way to say something happens without saying who does it — Spanish’s everyday replacement for the passive.

The verb follows the noun

If what follows is singular, the verb is singular. If it is plural, so is the verb.

Aquí se habla español.Spanish is spoken here.
Se venden pisos.Flats for sale.
Se necesita camarero.Waiter needed.
Se buscan voluntarios.Volunteers wanted.

The general-you use

With no noun after it, se plus a third-person singular verb means "one", "people" or the vague English "you".

En España se cena tarde.In Spain people eat dinner late.
¿Cómo se dice esto en español?How do you say this in Spanish?
No se puede fumar aquí.You cannot smoke here.

Instead of the passive

Spanish has a passive with ser, but it sounds formal and appears mostly in journalism. In speech, se does the work.

Se construyó en 1920.It was built in 1920.
Se abrió la puerta.The door opened.

Memory trick

Look at the noun right after the verb. It is the subject, and it decides whether the verb is singular or plural.

Typical mistakes

Se vende pisos.

Se venden pisos.

Pisos is plural, so the verb must be too. This slip is common even on real shop signs.

Aquí es hablado español.

Aquí se habla español.

The ser passive is grammatical but stilted here. Everyday Spanish uses se.

Se puede fumar? No, no puede.

¿Se puede fumar? No, no se puede.

The se belongs to the construction and cannot be dropped in the answer.

Check yourself

En la tienda ___ libros usados.

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