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The imperfect subjunctive

Every verb, including the irregular ones, takes its stem from one single form: the ellos preterite. That makes this tense unusually predictable.

Quick answer

hablara · comiera · fuera

Built from the third-person plural preterite. Two endings exist and both are correct.

One recipe for every verb

Take the ellos preterite, drop -ron, add the endings. The -ra and -se sets mean the same thing; -ra is more common in speech.

Infinitiveellos preteriteSubjunctive
hablarhablaronhablara / hablase
comercomieroncomiera / comiese
ser / irfueronfuera / fuese
tenertuvierontuviera / tuviese
hacerhicieronhiciera / hiciese
poderpudieronpudiera / pudiese
decirdijerondijera / dijese
pedirpidieronpidiera / pidiese

The nosotros form is the only one with a written accent: habláramos, fuéramos.

When you need it

Same triggers as the present subjunctive — wishes, emotions, doubt, purpose, impersonal opinions — but with the main verb in the past.

Quería que viniéramos temprano.She wanted us to come early.
Me sorprendió que no dijeras nada.It surprised me that you said nothing.
Buscaba un piso que tuviera terraza.I was looking for a flat that had a terrace.
Se lo expliqué para que lo entendiera.I explained it to him so that he would understand it.

Politeness and comparison

Two everyday uses that have nothing to do with the past at all.

Quisiera reservar una mesa.I would like to book a table. — softer than quiero.
¿Pudieras ayudarme un momento?Could you help me for a moment?
Habla como si fuera el jefe.He talks as if he were the boss.

como si always takes this tense, never the present.

Memory trick

Say the ellos preterite out loud, cut off -ron, and the stem is done — irregular verbs included.

Typical mistakes

Quería que venías conmigo.

Quería que vinieras conmigo.

A wish about someone else takes the subjunctive, and the main verb is past, so the imperfect subjunctive.

Habla como si es el dueño.

Habla como si fuera el dueño.

Como si never takes the indicative. It is an unreal comparison.

Me pidió que le ayudo.

Me pidió que le ayudara.

Pedir que triggers the subjunctive, and pidió puts it in the past.

Check yourself

Me pidió que ___ la ventana. (cerrar)

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