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Giving instructions

Commands are everywhere in daily Spanish — directions, recipes, instructions — and the negative form is built on a completely different stem.

Quick answer

¡Habla! · ¡No hables!

The affirmative tú command looks like the él form. The negative one borrows a different set of endings entirely.

Positive and negative differ

Verb¡tú!¡no tú!¡usted!
hablarhablano hableshable
comercomeno comascoma
escribirescribeno escribasescriba

Notice the vowel swap in the negative and the usted form: -ar verbs take e, -er and -ir verbs take a.

Eight irregular tú commands

All positive only; their negatives are regular.

Verb¡tú!
decirdi
hacerhaz
irve
ponerpon
salirsal
sersé
tenerten
venirven
Ven aquí y dime la verdad.Come here and tell me the truth.
Ten paciencia.Be patient.

Where pronouns go

Attached to the end of a positive command, in front of a negative one. Attaching often adds a written accent to keep the stress.

¡Dímelo!Tell me!
¡No me lo digas!Do not tell me!
Siéntate, por favor.Sit down, please.
No te sientes ahí.Do not sit there.

Memory trick

Positive tú: use the él form. Negative tú: flip the vowel and add -s. They are two different verbs in your mouth.

Typical mistakes

No habla tan rápido.

No hables tan rápido.

The positive form cannot simply be negated. Negative commands need the flipped vowel.

No dime nada.

No me digas nada.

In a negative command the pronoun comes before the verb, never attached.

Hace la cama.

Haz la cama.

Hacer has an irregular command, haz. Hace is the statement "he does".

Check yourself

¡No ___ la puerta! (abrir, tú)

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