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Diminutives

English has almost nothing like this. Spanish uses it constantly, and mostly not to say that something is small.

Quick answer

un momentito · el perrito · ahorita

-ito and -ita added to nouns, adjectives and even adverbs. They soften far more often than they shrink.

How to attach it

Word ends inAddExample
-o / -adrop it, add -ito / -italibro → librito
-e, -n, -r-cito / -citacoche → cochecito
stressed vowel-citocafé → cafecito
one syllable ending in consonant-ecitopan → panecito
-co / -caspelling to -quitochico → chiquito
-go / -gaspelling to -guitoamigo → amiguito

The gender never changes: la mano → la manita, el problema → el problemita.

What it actually communicates

Size is only one of the jobs. More often it marks affection, politeness or a softened request.

¿Me esperas un momentito?Could you wait just a moment for me? — softer, not shorter.
¡Qué casita tan bonita!What a lovely little house! — affection.
Está un poquito frío.It is a tiny bit cold. — playing it down.
Vamos a tomar un cafecito.Let us go for a coffee. — friendly, nothing to do with cup size.

Regional habits differ a lot: -illo is common in Andalusia, -ico in Aragón, and ahorita in Mexico.

Some have become their own words

A few diminutives have hardened into fixed vocabulary and no longer feel small at all.

WordMeaning
bocadillosandwich
bolsillopocket
cerillo / cerillamatch
tortillaomelette, flatbread
ventanillacounter window, car window

The opposite direction exists too: -ote and -ón make things bigger, as in grandote or un librón.

Memory trick

Treat -ito as a tone marker, not a size marker. It usually means the speaker is being warm or careful, not describing something small.

Typical mistakes

Espera un pequeño momento.

Espera un momentito.

Grammatically possible but it sounds translated. Spanish softens with the diminutive.

un chicito

un chiquito

Before -ito the c becomes qu so the hard sound survives.

la manito

la manita

Mano is feminine, and the diminutive keeps the gender of the original noun.

Check yourself

¿Me das un ___, por favor? (momento)

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